(This is excerpted from my forthcoming book: Rethinking the holidays: A simple guide to making traditional Heathen holy days make sense for you)
From the Latin adventus, meaning “coming,” this is the Christian build-up to Christmas–a time of preparation and waiting. However, given all the Pagan traditions the Catholic Church has borrowed, I don’t see why we can’t borrow this one. For me, the portion of the year from Samhain through Yule is so important that it feels appropriate to emphasize it even more by including more devotional and celebratory days, and these days are linked with local folklore traditions, which are becoming increasingly important in my own practice. It’s important to remember, too, that many of these days were superimposed upon even older Pagan/Heathen observances—or at least, I believe so, judging by the Pagan symbolism that survives in their customary celebrations and lore. Many of the saints were superimposed over the images, customs and personalities of Pagan deities, too!
Not all of the Catholic advent days are appropriate or significant for me, of course. But among the days I mark with at least some type of observance this year are the following:
St. Martin’s Day – November 11th
This was the first slaughter feast after harvest, and thus could be regarded as the “official” beginning of winter. Farmers finished their work for the year and left an offering of bread, cheese, wool and flax for “St Martin,” who could be seen riding on a white horse through the sky on the eve of this day.
St. Barbara’s Day – December 4th
St. Barbara is a rather obscure Christian martyr who was locked up and persecuted by her father for her faith. Her day is associated with foretelling prosperity and luck in love, and I set it aside as a time to honor Gunnlod.
St. Nicholas’ Day – December 6th
Sometimes associated with Odin, sometimes with various other Pagan Gods (most notably Poseidon, in Greece), St. Nicholas (a fore-runner of Santa Claus) has many attributes in common with Odin: both have beards, carry a staff (in Odin’s case, a spear), and ride on a white horse. St. Nicholas has a black servant named Zwarte Piete (Black Peter), while Odin has two black ravens. On the eve of St. Nicolas’ Day in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, children would place their boots, filled with carrots, straw or sugar, near the fireplace for St. Nicholas’ (Odin’s) horse, and He would replace the horse food with gifts of candy. This evolved over time into the modern Christmas custom of hanging stockings to be filled.
St. Lucy’s Day – December 13th
Lussinata, or Lussi Night, was in the unreformed Julian calendar the longest night of the year. The Lussi, a female demon, was believed to ride through the air on this night with her followers, the Lussiferda. I see in this an obvious parallel with Frau Holle and Her own version of the Wild Hunt, which is believed to be made up on the souls of unbaptized children (although I doubt baptism had anything to do with it; probably any children who died in childhood were eligible). Between Lussi Night and Yule proper, trolls, evil spirits and the dead were thought to be especially active. It was especially dangerous to be out on Lussi Night itself, which was also known as the Perchtennacht (blackest night).
In Scandinavia, St. Lucy’s day is still celebrated, and one girl in each town is elected to represent Lucia, and is dressed in white with a red sash and a crown of lit candles (another probably echo of Frau Holle). She leads a procession of other women dressed in white and carrying candles, a symbolic lighting the way against the darkness of this night.
St. Thomas Day – December 21st
The astronomical Winter Solstice, and start of the traditional “smudging nights,” during which the home is purified with smoke and herbs to drive away unfriendly spirits. A very good day to honor Thor, as warder of the Gods.
Yule – December 21st or 22nd through New Year’s Day
For me this is both the peak of the festival year and the height of my spiritual year, a time for intense work with Odin, the dead (which in my case is not just limited to the human dead) and the Wild Hunt. This is the season when (in Scandinavian tradition) the veil between the worlds is at its thinnest, and the Gods, the dead, and other denizens of the other worlds walk among us with the greatest ease. The holiday begins on the eve of the Solstice with Modranect, or Mother’s Night, when the mothers of the Gods as well as the mothers of one’s own line are traditionally honored and Their blessings on the household are sought for the coming year. In our household, the emphasis is on the mothers of the Aesir clan, but especially Frigga, Gunnlod, and Bestla, Odin’s mother who in my own UPG I equate (more or less) with Frau Holda.
For the remainder of the Twelve Nights of Yule, my focus is on family, both living and dead, as well as on those among the Gods I count as Family. It’s a time for feasting, toasting, boasting of accomplishments and making plans for the coming year, and enjoying quiet time at home with loved ones. All of the Gods are honored and gifted, but chiefly Odin, whose role as Wild Huntsman is at its height during these “raw nights”—considered by our spiritual ancestors to be the most dangerous nights of the entire year. We smudge the entire house on these nights, and also spend a lot of time in solitary trance work, communing with the dead, and with Odin and the Hunt. We consider it especially important to include the land wights in our gifting as well during this (in most climates) fallow time of year, and of course we never forget our house wight. If you like to brew, this is a good time to start mead for Midsummer.
New Year’s Eve – December 31st
Twelfth Night begins the New Year and is a night of heavy orlog, when the patterns that will influence wyrd throughout the next year are laid. Sumbel oaths made at midnight on Twelfth Night are very powerful and very holy.
Thorriblot – January 2nd
January 2nd is the traditional end of the “raw nights”—the dangerous time surrounding the Solstice, when the veil is thinnest and spirits at their most active. I think it may also be a good time to observe Thorriblot, even though it’s usually celebrated later in the month. Thorriblot is a rather odd holiday which in modern times many people have reworked into a festival for Thor, but which in Scandinavia was actually in honor of Thorri, a winter spirit, most likely one of the Jotnar. The whole idea of the festival seems to have been (especially in Iceland) the eating of disgusting foods, washed down by copious amounts of liquor, in celebration of having made survived the winter up to that point. This seems a very appropriate addendum to New Year’s Day.
Three Kings’ Day/Befana’s Day – January 6th
In Austria and some parts of Germany, this day is also known as Perchtag, or Perchta’s Day, in honor of Frau Holle or Perchta. Manifestations of Frau Holle in Her various forms are often reported seen on this day. In Lower Saxony, She is a grey-haired lady with long teeth who leaves New Years’s gifts for industrious spinners and punishes lazy ones. In Hesse and Thuringia, She is a beautiful woman in white with long shining hair who ploughs Her fields with the help of Her “Heimchen” (the unbaptized dead children). In one story, a traveler who helped repair Her plough was rewarded by three wood shavings, which had turned into gold when he got home.
La Befana, the Christmas witch of Italian folklore, is believed to be a survival of the Roman Goddess Strina, an old woman who arrives riding a broomstick and wearing a black shawl. On the even of January 6th she brings candy (traditionally figs, dates and honey) to all the good children of Italy, and leaves ashes, coal and garlic for all the bad children. As she is an impeccable housekeeper, she will often sweep the floor while she is there, too. The family often leaves her a glass of wine and a small plate of food. Although this is an Italian tradition, I see some correspondences with Frau Holle here.
Candlemas – February 2nd
The official end of the Yule season. See Charming of the Plough, below. (Sorry, you’ll have to buy the book to read more!)
- Valgrind

